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Home of the Database of Insects and their Food Plants © Roger Key Family   Geometridae Sub Family   Ennominae Description   thorns, beauties, umbers and allies; a sub-family of the Geometridae Background to Family   A sub-family of more than 80 species. Members feed mainly on the foliage of broadleaved and coniferous shrubs and trees, and many are polyphagous. More rarely, the hosts are ferns (bracken, Pteridium aquilinum) and lichens. The caterpillars often mimic twigs to avoid detection.     © Ian Kimber No. taxa in DBIF   _ No. interactions   _ % interactions with British data   _ No. records   _ % taxa with British data   _ © Ian Kimber Notes   Old data currently unassessed by a specialist for changes in nomenclature, new species to the British list, new interactions, errors in original sources, and misspellings. New material added from Waring, Townsend & Lewington, 2003. Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, UK.; ; Notes on Sources   Most recent source   see family entry Below is a list of all sources for this family / sub-family contained within DBIF. Click on source name for a list of all records for this source.   Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 187 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 158 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :49 Source   Young, M.R. & Knill-Jones, R.(1987) Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 0099 0007-0010:0009 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:111 Source   Grijpma, P.(1981) Ned. BoschbTijdschr. 53:1 15-18:15 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:110 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 188 Source   Wilson, F.(1943) Bull. Coun. scient. ind. Res., Melb. 169 1-87:12 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 165 Source   Larsson, S. & Wiren, A.(1982) Ned. BoschbTijdschr. 48 119-125:121 Source   Anon(1982) Advis. Leafl. Minist. Agric. Fish. Fd. 11 1-5:1 Source   Picozzi, N.(1981) Bird Study 28 68-69:68 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 181 Source   Bevan, D.(1966) Leafl. For. Commn 32 1-12:7 Source   Haggett, G.M.(1980) Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 92 97-97:97 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:112 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 166 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 159 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 169 Source   Warrington, S. & Whittaker, J.B.(1985) J. appl. Ecol. 22:3 775-785:785 Source   Compton, S. (1984-01-24) fauna. :2 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 184 Source   Anon(1979) Advis. Leafl. Minist. Agric. Fish. Fd. 30 1-7:2 Source   Owen, D.F.(1987) Entomologist's Gaz. 38 209-213:210 Source   Owen, D.F.(1987) Entomologist's Gaz. 38 209-213:212 Source   Owen, D.F. & Whiteway, W.R.(1980) Biol. Conserv. 17 149-155:153 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :42 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :48 Source   Riley, A.M.(1987) Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 0099 0065-0065:0065 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :47 Source   Welch, R.C.(1979) Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. 77 395-404:397 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :51 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:118 Source   Batra, S.W.T., Schroeder, D., Boldt, P.E. & Mendl, W.(1986) Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 88:4 748-759:753 Source   Welch, R.C. in eds. Last, F.T. & Gardiner, A.S. (1981) Forest and Woodland Ecology 110-115:113 Source   Bevan, D. & Brown, R.M.(1978) Forest Rec., Lond. 119 1-13:1 Source   Reiter, W.(1986) Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck 169-186:0183 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 183 Source   Owen, D.F.(1987) Entomologist's Gaz. 38 209-213:211 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:115 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:116 Source   Warrington, S.(1985) Oecologia 67 460-463:460 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 163 Source   Owen, D.F.(1983) Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 95 20-20:20 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 172 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 162 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :53 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 167 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 186 Source   Williams, L.R.(1988) Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 100 41-42:41 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 175 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :45 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:109 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 173 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 170 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 174 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :52 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :50 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :44 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 179 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :46 Source   Richens, R.H. (1983) Elm :69 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 160 Source   Hart, C.(1987) Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 0099 0010-0010:0010 Source   Jones, F.G.W. & Jones, M.G. (1974 ) Pests of Field Crops :102 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:117 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:113 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 185 Source   Lawton, J.H.(1976) Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 73 187-216:214 Source   Rosenthal, S.S. & Buckingham, G.R.(1982) Hilgardia 50:2 1-19:18 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :54 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 171 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 164 Source   Allan, P.B.M. (1949) Larval foodplants 1-126:114 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 182 Source   Skinner, B.(1981) Entomologist's Rec. J. Var. 93 181-182:181 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 180 Source   Reiter, W.(1986) Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck 73 169-186:183 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 178 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 176 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 168 Source   Noble, K. (1975) Working draft of "The Natural foodplants of Macrolepidoptera larvae in Britain, Part II." Field Studies Council :43 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 161 Source   Waring, P. Townsend, M (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. 1-432, 177 Source   Wigston, D.L.(1982) Q. Jl. For. 76:2 167-169:168